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Introducing
the Dyop® The
“Revolutionary” Method for Measuring Visual Clarity (Acuity) Helping the world see more clearly, one person at a time.
The world we see is dynamic,
rather than static. Our eyes are biological
machines which enable us to detect
motion, distance, and colors so that we can see predators and food and
are able to eat rather than be eaten. Vision is a dynamic process inherent in
all animals. Visual acuity is the term used to describe the clarity of how well you see. A refraction
is the process of using special lenses for measuring the sphere, cylinder, and axis optical variables which go into
creating eyeglasses and contact lenses.
Previous vision tests such as the Snellen (“Big E”) test
used static letters or symbols as the standard targets for measuring
vision. A Dyop® (pronounced
“di-op”) is a calibrated segmented spinning ring visual target (aka, optotype)
which helps doctors (and you) test how clear your vision is. A
Dyop provides a strobic stimulus to the photoreceptors in the central
rear area of the retinal of your eye called the fovea. (See the illustration below). Dyop testing is better than static letter methods (the Snellen test) or static shapes because it
is based on how your eyes work. Static measurement systems are two dimensional using the height of
the visual target and the viewing distance to that target. However, the “real world” is a fifth dimensional process consisting of height, width, distance, color, and time. As a Dyop diameter gets
smaller the alternating gaps and segments get proportionately smaller. When the spinning Dyop gaps get sufficiently
small, the stimulus area of each gap is smaller than the minimum AREA to
stimulate the color-receptive
photoreceptors in the rear (fovea) area of the retina, which are clusters of
about 20 color receptive photoreceptors.
When the Dyop gaps become too small to stimulate a cluster of
photoreceptors, the spinning of the Dyop ring is
not detected because the receptor gap and
segment stimulus tends to merge. That
Dyop has a sub-acuity diameter. As the Dyop diameter
is increased to have the gaps
stimulate a minimum of 20 fovea photoreceptors, that minimum Dyop diameter
where spinning IS detected is
the Acuity endpoint. That minimum size threshold for
detecting the gaps as spinning is the Minimum AREA of Resolution. The result of using a Dyop for
acuity and refractions is that a Dyop is up to three times more efficient than
1862 static Snellen letter-based tests (which use culturally dependent
Recognition Acuity static letters
or symbols), up to six times more precise, and up to eight times more
consistent. A Dyop also can measure acuity regardless of the
subjects’ literacy skills or culture, easily
enables testing of children or infants, and enables measurement of acuity in color for potential diagnostic
and/or therapeutic use. Static vision tests
(e.g., Snellen) are based on how well you
recognize culturally dependent letters or symbols, are influenced by where
you're from, or how much you've practiced. Using a Dyop makes vision tests simpler,
faster, more precise, and more consistent. = = = = = = =
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= = = = = = = Sample Dyop Tests Online Dyop Visual Acuity Test –
Landscape format https://www.dyop.net/documents/Dyop_acuity_screening.gif Open the acuity (visual clarity) test
with the above link. Note the smallest
pair of Dyop rings you can detect as spinning. View the spinning rings at a five-foot
distance. The center row of numbers between the
smallest pair of rings you can detect as spinning rings is the measure of
your acuity. (Below is a static image of the Dyop
online Acuity test.)
https://www.dyop.net/documents/Snellen_vs_Dyop_Refractions-Sanni.pdf https://www.dyop.net/documents/ASOP-2022-01_Sanni-update.pdf = = = = = = = = = = = = Online Dyop Color Screening Test -
Landscape format Basic Dyop Blue Green Visual Screening Test Open the acuity (visual clarity) test with the above
link. View the spinning rings at a five-foot
distance. The
smallest colored Dyop ring (Blue/Black or Green/White) you can detect as
spinning indicates your color acuity profile. Preferentially
seeing the Blue/Black rather than the Green/White indicates a probability
(90%) of symptoms of dyslexia, migraines or epilepsy. The center row of numbers between the
smallest rings you can detect as spinning is the measure of your color
acuity. (Below is a static image of the Dyop
online Color Screening test.)
https://www.dyop.net/documents/Dyslexia_and_Color_Perception-SandraStark.pdf https://www.dyop.net/documents/ASOP-06-0651-Dyop_Color_Perception.pdf = = = = = = = = = = = = Dyop
Visual-Impairment Test A Dyop may
also be used to evaluate the mental impairment associated with marijuana
intoxication, PTSD,
concussion injuries, and possible mental difficulties such as Alzheimer’s. https://www.dyop.net/documents/Dyop_Visual-Impairment_Test-x10.swf.html Use the
link above to open the Dyop Visual-impairment test. Note that
THIS is a timed test. Click the word
“Start” at the top of the test to begin. Additional
details are at: https://www.dyop.net/impairment.htm (Below is a static image of the initial
screen for the Dyop Visual-Impairment Test.)
Click
START to begin the test. Note that
there are now FIVE Dyops on the screen but only ONE of them is spinning. Use a
computer mouse to click the arrow adjacent to the spinning Dyop to indicate
its spin direction. That Dyop
will then stop spinning, but ONE of the other FOUR Dyops will then start
spinning. Click the
arrow adjacent to that spinning Dyop to indicate its spin direction. (Below is a static image of the response
screen for the Dyop Visual-Impairment Test.)
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= = = = = = = What Regulates Acuity For vision to be effective and efficient, we need to be unaware of
that process. Acuity is NOT regulated by the brain. As light goes through the cornea and
lens, it is bent so that Blue is focused in FRONT of the
retina, Green is focused ON the retina, and Red is
focused BEHIND of the retina.
Acuity is regulated by the relative focal depths and intensity of
those colors as they are perceived by the fovea at the back of your eyes. Those color sensitive photoreceptors
then send their signals forward to the layer of neuroganglia in
front of the retina. That neuroganglia layer in turn then sends a signal to
the lens to regulate the shape of the lens to bring that image into
focus. It is similar to the images you see on your computer monitor, tablet, or Smartphone, in that you
think that you are seeing lines, shapes, letters, and/or words. What
you really are seeing are pixels of light moving rapidly across the
surface of your computer screen, tablet, or Smartphone in combinations of Red, Green, and Blue. This process of acuity regulation and
accommodation is called Chromatic Triangulation.
Chromatic Triangulation is based on the
concept of light that Isaac Newton discovered in 1665 when he filtered light
through a prism. The stimulus of a
cluster of about 20 photoreceptors in the fovea of the retina serves
to regulate acuity.
A simple experiment to demonstrate that
acuity is regulated by the Chromatic Triangulation of Red, Green,
and Blue, rather than by the brain, is
to close one eye and look around the room where you are now. You will notice that with only one eye open
you can still determine the relative distance to nearby objects without the
need for binocular vision. = = = = =
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= = = = = = = = = How
Acuity is Measured The
properties of visual clarity (acuity) are the SIZE OF THE IMAGE being observed, the VIEWING
DISTANCE to that image, and the
ability of the visual system to PROCESS THAT IMAGE as clearly as possible (Resolution
Acuity). As a Dyop® spinning ring gets smaller, the
(equally sized) gaps and segments become so small that it becomes impossible
for the eye to detect the direction of spin of the Dyop ring rotation. The Dyop acuity endpoint is the smallest Dyop diameter where the direction
of rotation of the Dyop spinning
ring can still be detected. It serves
as a precise indicator of visual clarity and vision correction. A Dyop test can measure vision without the need
for patient literacy, measure vision in infants as young as 14
months of age, and let doctors precisely measure vision in
color enabling potential diagnostics for symptoms of dyslexia and glaucoma.
Static acuity tests (such as Snellen
letters) are inherently imprecise, inconsistent based on
measuring vision in only two dimensions: the height of the visual target and
the viewing distance to that target.
They mistake the process of visual cognition for visual
resolution and have an overly large stimulus area (1.0 arc minutes
squared) as the benchmark of vision rather than the empirically determined
smaller Dyop stimulus gap area (0.54 arc minutes squared). Additionally, static vision tests such as Snellen deplete the
dynamic response of the color receptive photoreceptors in the fovea and lack
the Dyop uniform precision. The result
is that static vision tests tend to add excess minus power to acuity and
refractions, lead to
angular elongation of the eye and increased myopia, and indicate that Snellen
testing may be
a factor in the Global Epidemic of Myopia. A simple test
to verify that your lenses are too strong (with
too much minus power IF you wear glasses), is
to push your glasses about a half inch away from your face and see if the
words you are reading become larger and more legible. If you notice that the words get more
legible, that Snellen-induced excess minus power of your glasses is typically
about 0.25 to 0.50 dopters.
While it isn’t much, it does reduce your cognition and IQ by possibly
10 points. A complimentary copy of the
DYOP test for research is available for Eye Care Professionals
interested in evaluating it. = = = = = = =
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= = = = = = = The Dyop® (Dynamic Optotype™) tests and concept are covered under U.S. Patent US 8,083,353 and International Published Patent WO 2011/022428. for further information contact: Allan
Hytowitz at Allan@DyopVision.com 5035 Morton Ferry Circle, Johns Creek,
GA, 30022 / 404-281-7798 Copyright ©2025
DyopVision™ Associates. All Rights Reserved. |
